HIV and Pregnancy  General Principles
Reproductive decisions in HIV-infected women seem to be no different than those in HIV-negative women

HIV infection does not effect obstetrical outcomes

Pregnancy does not effect course of HIV disease

HIV and Pregnancy  General principles
Ideal management of pregnancy in HIV- infected women includes:

good prenatal care with a multi-disciplinary team
maximizing antiretroviral and prophylactic therapies in the mother, and
observation for evidence of disease progression

HIV Screening in Pregnancy
All women of child-bearing age should be encouraged to be tested for HIV
Mother to Child Transmission of HIV
In the absence of effective antiretroviral treatment in the mother, there is a ~25% risk of transmission to the newborn. 
can occur at any stage in gestation
most transmission occurs during labor and delivery through direct contact of the infant with maternal blood and cervical secretions